When tiredness is worth an appointment

The NHS says to see a GP if you have been tired for a few weeks and do not know why, if it affects your daily life, if it comes with other symptoms such as weight loss or mood changes, or if someone has told you that you gasp, snort or choke in your sleep. That is a low bar on purpose. You do not need to prove you are exhausted enough.

Women carry several causes men do not, including periods, pregnancy and the menopause, and some conditions that are more common in women, such as an underactive thyroid and autoimmune disease. This page maps the common ones and links to the guides that go deeper.

The common causes, and what points to each

CauseCluesWhat to ask forMore detail
Low ironHeavy periods, breathless on stairs, hair shedding, restless legsFull blood count and ferritinIron guide
Underactive thyroidFeeling cold, constipation, dry skin, weight gainTSHThyroid guide
Perimenopause or menopauseAge 40 plus, changing periods, night sweats, broken sleepA GP review of your symptomsMenopause guides
Sleep apnoeaSnoring, pauses in breathing, morning headachesReferral for an overnight sleep studySleep guide
Low mood or depressionLow mood for 2 weeks or more, loss of enjoymentA talk with the GP, or NHS talking therapiesNHS low mood page
DiabetesThirst, passing urine often, weight lossHbA1c blood testNHS tiredness page
Coeliac diseaseBloating, diarrhoea, mouth ulcers, anaemiaCoeliac antibody blood test, while still eating glutenNHS coeliac page
Low B12Vegan diet, metformin, acid tablets, past stomach surgeryB12 and folateNHS B12 page
Eating or drinking too littleOn a weight loss medicine, small portionsA food and fluid diaryEating too little guide
A guide to what to raise, not a diagnosis. Several causes often overlap.

Iron: the first test to ask for

Heavy periods are the usual reason women run short of iron. Ferritin, the iron store, falls before haemoglobin does, so you can be low on iron with a normal blood count. Our iron guide explains the ferritin number NICE uses and how to take tablets with less stomach upset.

Thyroid

An underactive thyroid is far more common in women than in men, and its symptoms copy both weight gain and weight loss medicine side effects. A TSH blood test settles it. The thyroid guide covers the test and what to do if you already take levothyroxine.

Menopause and perimenopause

The NHS lists hormone changes, including the menopause, among the common causes of tiredness. Night sweats break sleep, and low mood and brain fog add to the drain. Our brain fog and mood guide and the perimenopause guide cover the symptoms and treatment.

Sleep apnoea

In sleep apnoea, breathing stops and starts through the night. It is often missed in women because the textbook picture is a man who snores loudly. The NHS says a GP can refer you to a sleep clinic, and the overnight test can usually be done at home. Bring a partner to the appointment if they have seen you stop breathing. The sleep guide explains how weight loss helps.

Low mood

Low mood can make you tired and break sleep. The NHS says low mood lasting 2 weeks or more may be a sign of depression. Adults can self-refer to NHS talking therapies in England without seeing a GP first. If you have thoughts of harming yourself, get urgent help. The NHS page lists where to go, and Samaritans answer on 116 123.

Coeliac disease and B12

The NHS coeliac page says anyone with prolonged tiredness, unexplained anaemia, or a diagnosis of IBS or autoimmune thyroid disease should be tested. Keep eating gluten until the blood test is done, or the result may be wrong. Do not start a gluten-free diet until a specialist confirms the diagnosis.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is often caused by pernicious anaemia, an autoimmune condition. The NHS also lists a vegan diet without supplements or fortified foods, stomach surgery, and medicines including metformin and the acid-reducing tablets called proton pump inhibitors. Many women with PCOS take metformin, so mention it.

Coeliac disease, pernicious anaemia and autoimmune thyroid disease are all autoimmune conditions, which are more common in women. Our autoimmune guide covers the wider group.

Tired on a weight loss jab

Fatigue is a listed side effect. The Mounjaro leaflet lists "feeling tired" as common in people treated for weight management. The same leaflet warns that sickness and diarrhoea can cause dehydration, and advises drinking plenty of fluids.

Before you put tiredness down to the medicine, check three things. Are you eating enough protein and total food? Our eating too little guide sets out the warning signs. Are you drinking enough? The hydration guide has targets. And has anyone tested your iron, thyroid and B12? Eating less can lower iron intake while periods keep taking it out.

What GPs test, and what they find

A 2025 audit in the Annals of Clinical Biochemistry looked at 16,889 GP blood test requests for tiredness in 2019, measured against NICE's summary for tiredness in adults. It found some tests were often skipped.

TestHow often GPs requested itHow often the result was abnormal
Full blood count89%23%
Thyroid (TSH)80%10%
Ferritin (iron store)9.4%26%
Coeliac antibody (IgA TTG)3.2%3%
HbA1c (diabetes)2.8%59%
Handjiev, Nobes and Murphy, Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 2025. HbA1c was requested under a local protocol.

Ferritin was requested for fewer than 1 in 10 people, yet abnormal in about 1 in 4 of those tested. If you have periods or eat less than you used to, ask for it by name.

What to say at the appointment

  1. Say how long you have been tired and what it stops you doing.
  2. Mention periods, pregnancy, menopause symptoms, snoring, mood and any weight loss medicine.
  3. List every medicine and supplement, including metformin, acid tablets and biotin.
  4. Ask: "Could you check a full blood count, ferritin and TSH? Should I also have HbA1c, coeliac antibodies or B12?"
  5. Ask for the numbers, not only "normal", and when to come back if nothing is found.

The GP preparation guide has a symptom diary template. If tests come back normal and you are still exhausted after 3 months, the NHS says ME/CFS is one of the conditions a GP may consider.

Get urgent help if tiredness comes with chest pain, severe breathlessness, fainting, or thoughts of harming yourself. Call 999 for chest pain or collapse. Call 111 if you are unsure.

Paying for your own medicine? The lowest first-order prices today, with delivery included: Mounjaro from £89.00, Wegovy from £44.00, Wegovy pill from £52.99, Foundayo from £49.00.

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Sources

  1. Why am I tired all the time? (NHS)
  2. Tired all the time: what general practitioners request and find in patients with tiredness/fatigue (Handjiev, Nobes and Murphy, Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 2025)
  3. Coeliac disease: diagnosis (NHS)
  4. Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia: causes (NHS)
  5. Obstructive sleep apnoea: diagnosis (NHS)
  6. Low mood and depression (NHS)
  7. Mounjaro patient information leaflet (Eli Lilly, via the electronic medicines compendium)

Sian Anderson

Sian writes the health and nutrition guides on MyGLP. Every clinical claim links to the NHS, NICE, a medical royal college, a regulator or a peer-reviewed paper, and the pages carry no medical advice.